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This module will explore the changing nature of crime. It will begin with a discussion of how crime has evolved over time and the arms race that offenders, law enforcement and others have engaged in historically. Cycles of innovation and how these might lead to crime opportunity will be considered, as will the role of industry and others in designing out crime. Methods of horizon scanning and associated methodologies will be discussed in general, followed by a particular focus on how such techniques can be applied in the context of crime, in particular.

On completing this module, students will:

• Understand the complexity of crime and how it has evolved historically
• Be aware of the roles that government, industry and others can play in influencing crime opportunity, both positively and negatively
• Develop understanding of how technological and social change can bring about new forms of crime and threats to security
• Understand the innovation cycle, the implications of this for crime and security, and the concept of socially responsible design
• Be aware of the types of horizon scanning and future scenarios activity conducted by government and others
• Understand the different methodologies used for predicting future scenarios along with their strengths and weaknesses
• Critically assess the extent to which theories of crime science can inform horizon scanning activity concerned with crime and security
• Be aware of, and be able to critically assess sources of information that might inform research on crime futures
• Be able to put their learning into practice