果冻影院

Content: DEVP0012 explores the theoretical base and implications for development planning and practice of market- and civil society-led approaches to development; contrasting these, where applicable, with state-oriented approaches. You will examine different, and in some cases, competing conceptions of 鈥榖ottom-of-the-pyramid鈥�, livelihoods, payment for ecosystem services (PES) and 鈥榤aking markets work for the poor鈥� or market systems development (M4P or MSD) approaches that permeate much contemporary development policy and practice as well as considering the potential for innovative models to promote development along with the developmental contradictions and possibilities inherent in notions of corporate responsibility.

Central to this pursuit lies an understanding of how variations in development approaches translate into divergent understandings of the roles that should be played in developmental processes by different actors. As such, you will be asked to consider both conceptual and practical positions, looking for coherent arguments that help form a broad personal basis for an approach to development as a process or an outcome. Module sessions will look at the differing roles played by private sector, civil society, state and other groups in understanding and attempting to tackle environmental and social challenges, including climate change and ecosystem degradation, poverty reduction and economic exclusion.

You will examine core arguments, such as the 鈥榮takeholder paradox鈥� that potentially limits full corporate engagement with critical social and environmental objectives, as well as the thinking behind conceptions of 鈥榠nclusivity鈥� in markets. You will be asked to consider the degree to which differing governance models, including that of social enterprise, offer a meaningful response to such dilemmas, and the degree to which commodification of ecosystems services offers a means of tackling some of the most critical challenges facing peoples and countries globally.

The module will provide historical and ethical foundations, encouraging you to formulate a critical understanding of development theory and practice.

Case studies and examples provide a strong pedagogical tool, drawing from different continents and regions, including Asia, Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean, and reflect a concern with the models of development employed by donors and countries of the Global North, as well as by those in the Global South. They are used, along with debates, lectures and classroom participation, to illustrate sessions and to foster debate and discussion.

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Teaching delivery: The module will be taught over nine two-hour units in Term 1, with each unit consisting of a lecture and a seminar or debate, augmented with individual and group preparation managed through Moodle.

You are required to read two key readings prior to each session. The tutor will provide, when necessary, additional material relevant to the topic.

Slide presentations, case studies and other material will be made available through 果冻影院鈥檚 Moodle platform.

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Indicative Unit Topics (based on module content in 2023/24, subject to possible changes): Introduce this as a sub-title. Provide a list of topics the module will cover. You can detail these by

Lecture titles or general topics. If you're referencing content from the previous year, include a caveat, such as

"Indicative lecture topics 鈥� based on module content in 2023/24, subject to possible changes."

Unit 1 On Ethics, Economics and Development - Efficient but amoral markets and the implications for policy, planning and management. Politics, markets and states as agents of development. CSR: can business be socially or environmentally responsible? The multi-stakeholder paradox and the potential of value chain analysis

Unit 2 BoP and innovation: for or at the base of the pyramid? - The base or bottom of the pyramid and market-led development: an inclusive framework for economic, social and political development? A critical review of BoP ideas on innovation, partnerships and tools.

Unit 3 Livelihoods, sustainability and poverty reduction: sustainable livelihoods approach and framework - Livelihoods as a means of understanding the strategies and dilemmas of poor households. The session will focus specifically on the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and Framework.

Unit 4 Making markets work for the poor (M4P), market systems approach and graduation programmes - A review of the M4P or market systems approach to enabling development and the graduation programme approach to implementation.

Unit 5 The environment and adaptation: market mechanisms for sustainability - Market-based approaches to managing and/or alleviating the effects of climate change and responding to natural disasters. Payment for ecosystem services (PES), REDD+, carbon trading.

Unit 6 NGOs and civil society: filling the gaps - An examination of the ways in which civil society organisations have filled gaps left by a restructured state.

Unit 7 Restructuring development: the rise of philanthrocapitalism, social entrepreneurship and corporate responsibility - An exploration of the 鈥榙eep marketisation鈥� of development, the rise of 鈥榩hilanthrocapitalism鈥�, social enterprise and the evolution of corporate responsibility.

Unit 8 The new nationalism: markets and the populist state - An examination of changes in political narratives in relation to development and markets, with a particular focus on the 鈥榥ew populism鈥� and rising ideological and policy polarisation on the roles of state and market actors in promoting development.

Unit 9 Critiques, alternatives and possibilities - An examination of thinking on where market-led approaches to development might constructively take us in the future. Pluralism, localism and 鈥榩ost-growth鈥� approaches.

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Module Objectives: Upon completion of the module, participants will have developed

• A critical understanding of contemporary economic and political perspectives and theories on market- and civil society-centred conceptions of development,
• An in-depth knowledge of the types of roles played by civil society and private-sector actors as agents for development,
• The ability to construct coherent conceptual frameworks for approaches to development that incorporate a central role for civil and private sector agency in development.

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Recommended readings (introductory): Bull, B. 2023, 鈥淐hapter 6: A transformative post-developmental state? State institutions as change-makers in the Anthropocene鈥� in Bull, B., and M. Aguilar-St酶en (eds), Handbook on International Development and the Environment, Elgar Handbooks in Development (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing): 83-99.

Dickson, M. E., 2021, 鈥淕lobalisation and COVID-2019 pandemic: The nexus and impact on development in Africa鈥�, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 15(1): 11-18.

J盲rvel盲, J. and N. Solitander, 2020, 鈥淐hapter 5: The financialization and responsibilization of development aid: Development: a changing play field for finance鈥� in P. Lund-Thomsen, M.W. Hansen and A. Lindgreen (eds), Business and Development Studies: Issues and Perspectives (Abingdon: Routledge): 100-122.

These readings are suggested texts for reading before the module commences. They are not compulsory and will be supplemented with set readings for each unit of the module.

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Additional costs: None.

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Module Convenor (2024-25): Dr Vafa Dianati (Prof Michael Walls on sabbatical)